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[Tips] Compare the performance of the primary key of the Guid field using the self-incremental field in the library

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Posted on 10/26/2015 9:37:04 AM | | | |
1. Overview:

In our database design, the primary key of the database is essential, and the design of the primary key has a great impact on the design of the whole database. I will compare the performance of auto-incremental fields and Guid fields, welcome to discuss.

2. Introduction:

1. Self-incremental fields

      The self-incremental fields are incremented sequentially each time, ensuring that the primary keys in a table are not repeated. Unless the maximum value of the self-incrementing field type is exceeded and incremented from scratch, this is almost impossible. It is very simple to use self-incremental fields as primary keys, generally just declare self-incrementing attributes when building a table.

      Self-incremental values are all global data values that need to be maintained in the system, and the value is incremented every time the data is inserted. In a concurrent environment where the equivalent generates a unique identity, each incremental value must be locked and unlocked with this global value to ensure the uniqueness of the increment. This can be a concurrent bottleneck that involves some performance issues.

When migrating or importing data, self-incremental fields may be duplicated, which is undoubtedly a nightmare (I have already suffered from it).

      If you want to build a distributed database, this self-incremental field is a problem. This is because in a distributed database, tables with the same name from different databases may need to be replicated synchronously. The self-incremental value of a database table is likely to be duplicated with the self-incremental value of the same table in another database.

2. uniqueidentifier (Guid) field

In MS SQL databases, the table structure can be created by specifying the field type as uniqueidentifier, and its default value can be generated using NewID() to generate a unique Guid (Globally Unique Identifier).

Guid:指在一台机器上生成的数字，它保证对在同一时空中的所有机器都是唯一的，其算法是通过以太网卡地址、纳秒级时间、芯片ID码和许多可能的数字生成。其格式为:04755396-9A29-4B8C-A38D-00042C1B9028.

The advantage of GUID is that the generated ID is relatively unique, whether it is exporting data or doing step-by-step development, there will be no problems. However, the ID it generates is relatively long, and the database space is also occupied, so there is no need to consider this as the price of external storage decreases. In addition, Guid is not easy to remember, and in this regard it is not as good as automatic incremental fields, which is not very convenient when debugging programs.

3. Testing:

1. Test the environment

Operating system: Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition Service Pack 2

Database: MS SQL 2005

CPU:Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 3.40GHz

Memory: DDRII. 667 1G

Hard drive: WD 80G

2. Database scripts
  1. --自增量字段表
  2. CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Table_Id](
  3.     [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
  4.     [Value] [varchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
  5. CONSTRAINT [PK_Table_Id] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
  6. (
  7.     [Id] ASC
  8. )WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ON [PRIMARY]
  9. ) ON [PRIMARY]

  11. GO
  12. --Guid字段表
  13. CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Table_Guid](
  14.     [Guid] [uniqueidentifier] NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF_Table_Guid_Guid]  DEFAULT (newid()),
  15.     [Value] [varchar](50) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
  16. CONSTRAINT [PK_Table_Guid] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
  17. (
  18.     [Guid] ASC
  19. )WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ON [PRIMARY]
  20. ) ON [PRIMARY]

  22. GO
Copy code
Test code
  1. 1using System;
  2.   2using System.Collections.Generic;
  3.   3using System.Text;
  4.   4using System.Data.SqlClient;
  5.   5using System.Diagnostics;
  6.   6using System.Data;
  7.   8namespace GuidTest
  8.   9{
  9.    class Program
  10.    {
  11.        string Connnection = "server=.;database=GuidTest;Integrated Security=true;";
  12.        static void Main(string[] args)
  13.        {
  14.            Program app = new Program();
  15.            int Count = 10000;
  16.            Console.WriteLine("数据记录数为{0}",Count);
  17.            //自动id增长测试;
  18.            Stopwatch WatchId = new Stopwatch();
  19.            Console.WriteLine("自动增长id测试");
  20.            Console.WriteLine("开始测试");
  21.            WatchId.Start();
  22.            Console.WriteLine("测试中");
  23. 25            app.Id_InsertTest(Count);
  24.            //app.Id_ReadToTable(Count);
  25.            //app.Id_Count();
  26. 29            //查询第300000条记录;
  27.            //app.Id_SelectById();
  28. 32            WatchId.Stop();
  29.            Console.WriteLine("时间为{0}毫秒",WatchId.ElapsedMilliseconds);
  30.            Console.WriteLine("测试结束");
  31. 36            Console.WriteLine("-----------------------------------------");
  32.            //Guid测试;
  33.            Console.WriteLine("Guid测试");
  34.            Stopwatch WatchGuid = new Stopwatch();
  35.            Console.WriteLine("开始测试");
  36.            WatchGuid.Start();
  37.            Console.WriteLine("测试中");
  38. 44            app.Guid_InsertTest(Count);
  39.            //app.Guid_ReadToTable(Count);
  40.            //app.Guid_Count();
  41. 48            //查询第300000条记录;
  42.            //app.Guid_SelectById();
  43. 51            WatchGuid.Stop();
  44.            Console.WriteLine("时间为{0}毫秒", WatchGuid.ElapsedMilliseconds);
  45.            Console.WriteLine("测试结束");
  46.            Console.Read();
  47.        }
  48. 57        /**////
  49.        /// 自动增长id测试
  50.        ///
  51.        private void Id_InsertTest(int count)
  52.        {
  53.            string InsertSql="insert into Table_Id ([Value]) values ({0})";
  54.            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(Connnection))
  55.            {
  56.                conn.Open();
  57.                SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand();
  58.                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
  59.                {
  60.                    com.Connection = conn;
  61.                    com.CommandText = string.Format(InsertSql, i);
  62.                    com.ExecuteNonQuery();
  63.                }
  64.            }
  65.        }
  66. 76        /**////
  67.        /// 将数据读到Table
  68.        ///
  69.        private void Id_ReadToTable(int count)
  70.        {
  71.            string ReadSql = "select top " + count.ToString() + " * from Table_Id";
  72.            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(Connnection))
  73.            {
  74.                SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand(ReadSql, conn);
  75.                SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(com);
  76.                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
  77.                adapter.Fill(ds);
  78.                Console.WriteLine("数据记录数为:{0}", ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count);
  79.            }
  80.        }
  81. 92        /**////
  82.        /// 数据记录行数测试
  83.        ///
  84.        private void Id_Count()
  85.        {
  86.            string ReadSql = "select Count(*) from Table_Id";
  87.            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(Connnection))
  88.            {
  89.                SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand(ReadSql, conn);
  90.                conn.Open();
  91.                object CountResult = com.ExecuteScalar();
  92.                conn.Close();
  93.                Console.WriteLine("数据记录数为:{0}",CountResult);
  94.            }
  95.        }
  96. 108        /**////
  97.        /// 根据id查询;
  98.        ///
  99.        private void Id_SelectById()
  100.        {
  101.            string ReadSql = "select * from Table_Id where Id="+300000;
  102.            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(Connnection))
  103.            {
  104.                SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand(ReadSql, conn);
  105.                conn.Open();
  106.                object IdResult = com.ExecuteScalar();
  107.                Console.WriteLine("Id为{0}", IdResult);
  108.                conn.Close();
  109.            }
  110.        }
  111.       
  112.        /**////
  113.        /// Guid测试;
  114.        ///
  115.        private void Guid_InsertTest(int count)
  116.        {
  117.            string InsertSql = "insert into Table_Guid ([Value]) values ({0})";
  118.            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(Connnection))
  119.            {
  120.                conn.Open();
  121.                SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand();
  122.                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
  123.                {
  124.                    com.Connection = conn;
  125.                    com.CommandText = string.Format(InsertSql, i);
  126.                    com.ExecuteNonQuery();
  127.                }
  128.            }
  129.        }
  130. 143        /**////
  131.        /// Guid格式将数据库读到Table
  132.        ///
  133.        private void Guid_ReadToTable(int count)
  134.        {
  135.            string ReadSql = "select top "+count.ToString()+" * from Table_GuID";
  136.            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(Connnection))
  137.            {
  138.                SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand(ReadSql, conn);
  139.                SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(com);
  140.                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
  141.                adapter.Fill(ds);
  142.                Console.WriteLine("数据记录为:{0}", ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count);
  143.            }
  144.        }
  145. 159        /**////
  146.        /// 数据记录行数测试
  147.        ///
  148.        private void Guid_Count()
  149.        {
  150.            string ReadSql = "select Count(*) from Table_Guid";
  151.            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(Connnection))
  152.            {
  153.                SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand(ReadSql, conn);
  154.                conn.Open();
  155.                object CountResult = com.ExecuteScalar();
  156.                conn.Close();
  157.                Console.WriteLine("数据记录为:{0}", CountResult);
  158.            }
  159.        }
  160. 175        /**////
  161.        /// 根据Guid查询;
  162.        ///
  163.        private void Guid_SelectById()
  164.        {
  165.            string ReadSql = "select * from Table_Guid where Guid='C1763624-036D-4DB9-A1E4-7E16318C30DE'";
  166.            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(Connnection))
  167.            {
  168.                SqlCommand com = new SqlCommand(ReadSql, conn);
  169.                conn.Open();
  170.                object IdResult = com.ExecuteScalar();
  171.                Console.WriteLine("Guid为{0}", IdResult);
  172.                conn.Close();
  173.            }
  174.        }
  175.    }
  176. 192}
  177. 193
Copy code
3. Database insertion test
Test 1
The database volume is: 100 items
Run the result
Test 2
The database volume is: 10,000 items
Run the result

Test 3
The database volume is: 100,000 items
Run the result
Test 4
The database volume is: 500,000 items
Run the result
4. Read the data into the DataSet
Test 1
Amount of data read: 100
Run the result
Test 2
Amount of data read: 10,000
Run the result
Test 3
Amount of data read: 100,000
Run the result
Test 4
Amount of data read: 500,000
Run the result
4. Record the total number test
Test results
5. Specify the condition query test
The 300,000th record in the query database is 610,300.
4. Summary:
Using Guid as the main key is not very slow, but it is faster than using auto-growing increments.





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